LT3498
APPLICATIONS INFORMATION — LED DRIVER
Direct PWM Dimming
Changing the forward current ?owing in the LEDs not only
changes the intensity of the LEDs, it also changes the color.
The chromaticity of the LEDs changes with the change in
forward current. Many applications cannot tolerate any
shift in the color of the LEDs. Controlling the intensity of
the LEDs with a direct PWM signal allows dimming of the
LEDs without changing the color. In addition, direct PWM
dimming offers a wider dimming range to the user.
Dimming the LEDs via a PWM signal essentially involves
turning the LEDs on and off at the PWM frequency. The
typical human eye has a limit of ~60 frames per second.
By increasing the PWM frequency to ~80Hz or higher,
the eye will interpret that the pulsed light source is con-
tinuously on. Additionally, by modulating the duty cycle
(amount of “on-time”), the intensity of the LEDs can be
controlled. The color of the LEDs remains unchanged in
signal should traverse between 0V to 5V, to ensure proper
turn-on and -off of the driver and the NMOS transistor Q1.
When the PWM signal goes high, the LEDs are connected
to ground and a current of I LED = 200mV / R SENSE1 ?ows
through the LEDs. When the PWM signal goes low, the
LEDs are disconnected and turn off. The MOSFET ensures
that the LEDs quickly turn off without discharging the
output capacitor which in turn allows the LEDs to turn on
faster. Figure 6 shows the PWM dimming waveforms for
the circuit in Figure 5.
I LED
20mA/DIV
I L
200mA/DIV
PWM
5V/DIV
this scheme since the LED current value is either zero or
a constant value.
V IN = 3V
4 LEDs
2ms/DIV
3498 F06
Figure 5 shows a Li-Ion powered driver for four white
LEDs. Direct PWM dimming method requires an external
NMOS tied between the cathode of the lowest LED in the
string and ground as shown in Figure 5. A simple logic
level Si2304 MOSFET can be used since its source is con-
nected to ground. The PWM signal is applied to the CTRL1
Figure 6. Direct PWM Dimming Waveforms
pin of the LT3498 and the gate of the MOSFET. The PWM
V IN 3V TO 5V
80
75
V IN = 3.6V
4 LEDs
100Hz = PWM
C OUT1
1μF
R SENSE1
10Ω
CAP1 SW1
LED1
L1
15μH
C IN
1μH
V IN SW2 CAP2 V OUT2
LT3498
70
65
60
55
Q1
Si2304BDS
100k
CTRL1 GND1
5V
GND2
CTRL2
FB2
50
0
2
4
6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
LED CURRENT (mA)
3498 F07
PWM
0V
3498 F05
Figure 7. PWM Dimming Ef?ciency
FREQ
Figure 5. Li-Ion to Four White LEDs
with Direct PWM Dimming
3498fa
12
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